/**
 * @license Highcharts JS v6.0.3 (2017-11-14)
 * Old IE (v6, v7, v8) module for Highcharts v6+.
 *
 * (c) 2010-2017 Highsoft AS
 * Author: Torstein Honsi
 *
 * License: www.highcharts.com/license
 */
'use strict';
(function(factory) {
    if (typeof module === 'object' && module.exports) {
        module.exports = factory;
    } else {
        factory(Highcharts);
    }
}(function(Highcharts) {
    (function(H) {
        /**
         * (c) 2010-2017 Torstein Honsi
         *
         * Support for old IE browsers (6, 7 and 8) in Highcharts v6+. 
         *
         * License: www.highcharts.com/license
         */

        /* eslint max-len: 0 */
        var VMLRenderer,
            VMLRendererExtension,
            VMLElement,

            Chart = H.Chart,
            createElement = H.createElement,
            css = H.css,
            defined = H.defined,
            deg2rad = H.deg2rad,
            discardElement = H.discardElement,
            doc = H.doc,
            each = H.each,
            erase = H.erase,
            extend = H.extend,
            extendClass = H.extendClass,
            isArray = H.isArray,
            isNumber = H.isNumber,
            isObject = H.isObject,
            merge = H.merge,
            noop = H.noop,
            pick = H.pick,
            pInt = H.pInt,
            svg = H.svg,
            SVGElement = H.SVGElement,
            SVGRenderer = H.SVGRenderer,
            win = H.win,
            wrap = H.wrap;


        /**
         * Path to the pattern image required by VML browsers in order to
         * draw radial gradients.
         *
         * @type {String}
         * @apioption global.VMLRadialGradientURL
         * @default {highcharts}
         *          http://code.highcharts.com/{version}/gfx/vml-radial-gradient.png
         * @default {highstock}
         *          http://code.highcharts.com/highstock/{version}/gfx/vml-radial-gradient.png
         * @default {highmaps}
         *          http://code.highcharts.com/{version}/gfx/vml-radial-gradient.png
         * @since 2.3.0
         */
        H.getOptions().global.VMLRadialGradientURL =
            'http://code.highcharts.com/6.0.3/gfx/vml-radial-gradient.png';


        // Utilites
        if (doc && !doc.defaultView) {
            H.getStyle = function(el, prop) {
                var val,
                    alias = {
                        width: 'clientWidth',
                        height: 'clientHeight'
                    }[prop];

                if (el.style[prop]) {
                    return H.pInt(el.style[prop]);
                }
                if (prop === 'opacity') {
                    prop = 'filter';
                }

                // Getting the rendered width and height
                if (alias) {
                    el.style.zoom = 1;
                    return Math.max(el[alias] - 2 * H.getStyle(el, 'padding'), 0);
                }

                val = el.currentStyle[prop.replace(/\-(\w)/g, function(a, b) {
                    return b.toUpperCase();
                })];
                if (prop === 'filter') {
                    val = val.replace(
                        /alpha\(opacity=([0-9]+)\)/,
                        function(a, b) {
                            return b / 100;
                        }
                    );
                }

                return val === '' ? 1 : H.pInt(val);
            };
        }

        if (!Array.prototype.forEach) {
            H.forEachPolyfill = function(fn, ctx) {
                var i = 0,
                    len = this.length;
                for (; i < len; i++) {
                    if (fn.call(ctx, this[i], i, this) === false) {
                        return i;
                    }
                }
            };
        }

        if (!Array.prototype.indexOf) {
            H.indexOfPolyfill = function(arr) {
                var len,
                    i = 0;

                if (arr) {
                    len = arr.length;

                    for (; i < len; i++) {
                        if (arr[i] === this) {
                            return i;
                        }
                    }
                }

                return -1;
            };
        }

        if (!Array.prototype.filter) {
            H.filterPolyfill = function(fn) {
                var ret = [],
                    i = 0,
                    length = this.length;

                for (; i < length; i++) {
                    if (fn(this[i], i)) {
                        ret.push(this[i]);
                    }
                }

                return ret;
            };
        }

        if (!Object.prototype.keys) {
            H.keysPolyfill = function(obj) {
                var result = [],
                    hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,
                    prop;
                for (prop in obj) {
                    if (hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop)) {
                        result.push(prop);
                    }
                }
                return result;
            };
        }


        if (!Array.prototype.reduce) {
            H.reducePolyfill = function(func, initialValue) {
                var context = this,
                    accumulator = initialValue || {},
                    len = this.length;
                for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
                    accumulator = func.call(context, accumulator, this[i], i, this);
                }
                return accumulator;
            };
        }

        if (!svg) {

            // Prevent wrapping from creating false offsetWidths in export in legacy IE.
            // This applies only to charts for export, where IE runs the SVGRenderer
            // instead of the VMLRenderer
            // (#1079, #1063)
            wrap(H.SVGRenderer.prototype, 'text', function(proceed) {
                return proceed.apply(
                    this,
                    Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1)
                ).css({
                    position: 'absolute'
                });
            });

            /**
             * Old IE override for pointer normalize, adds chartX and chartY to event
             * arguments.
             */
            H.Pointer.prototype.normalize = function(e, chartPosition) {

                e = e || win.event;
                if (!e.target) {
                    e.target = e.srcElement;
                }

                // Get mouse position
                if (!chartPosition) {
                    this.chartPosition = chartPosition = H.offset(this.chart.container);
                }

                return H.extend(e, {
                    // #2005, #2129: the second case is for IE10 quirks mode within
                    // framesets
                    chartX: Math.round(Math.max(e.x, e.clientX - chartPosition.left)),
                    chartY: Math.round(e.y)
                });
            };

            /**
             * Further sanitize the mock-SVG that is generated when exporting charts in
             * oldIE.
             */
            Chart.prototype.ieSanitizeSVG = function(svg) {
                svg = svg
                    .replace(/<IMG /g, '<image ')
                    .replace(/<(\/?)TITLE>/g, '<$1title>')
                    .replace(/height=([^" ]+)/g, 'height="$1"')
                    .replace(/width=([^" ]+)/g, 'width="$1"')
                    .replace(/hc-svg-href="([^"]+)">/g, 'xlink:href="$1"/>')
                    .replace(/ id=([^" >]+)/g, ' id="$1"') // #4003
                    .replace(/class=([^" >]+)/g, 'class="$1"')
                    .replace(/ transform /g, ' ')
                    .replace(/:(path|rect)/g, '$1')
                    .replace(/style="([^"]+)"/g, function(s) {
                        return s.toLowerCase();
                    });

                return svg;
            };

            // IE compatibility hack for generating SVG content that it doesn't really
            // understand. Used by the exporting module.
            if (!doc.createElementNS) {
                doc.createElementNS = function(ns, TagName) {
                    return doc.createElement(TagName);
                };
            }

            /**
             * Old IE polyfill for addEventListener, called from inside the addEvent
             * function.
             */
            H.addEventListenerPolyfill = function(type, fn) {
                var el = this;

                function wrappedFn(e) {
                    e.target = e.srcElement || win; // #2820
                    fn.call(el, e);
                }

                if (el.attachEvent) {
                    if (!el.hcEventsIE) {
                        el.hcEventsIE = {};
                    }

                    // unique function string (#6746)
                    if (!fn.hcKey) {
                        fn.hcKey = H.uniqueKey();
                    }

                    // Link wrapped fn with original fn, so we can get this in
                    // removeEvent
                    el.hcEventsIE[fn.hcKey] = wrappedFn;

                    el.attachEvent('on' + type, wrappedFn);
                }

            };
            H.removeEventListenerPolyfill = function(type, fn) {
                if (this.detachEvent) {
                    fn = this.hcEventsIE[fn.hcKey];
                    this.detachEvent('on' + type, fn);
                }
            };


            /**
             * The VML element wrapper.
             */
            VMLElement = {

                docMode8: doc && doc.documentMode === 8,

                /**
                 * Initialize a new VML element wrapper. It builds the markup as a string
                 * to minimize DOM traffic.
                 * @param {Object} renderer
                 * @param {Object} nodeName
                 */
                init: function(renderer, nodeName) {
                    var wrapper = this,
                        markup = ['<', nodeName, ' filled="f" stroked="f"'],
                        style = ['position: ', 'absolute', ';'],
                        isDiv = nodeName === 'div';

                    // divs and shapes need size
                    if (nodeName === 'shape' || isDiv) {
                        style.push('left:0;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;');
                    }
                    style.push('visibility: ', isDiv ? 'hidden' : 'visible');

                    markup.push(' style="', style.join(''), '"/>');

                    // create element with default attributes and style
                    if (nodeName) {
                        markup = isDiv || nodeName === 'span' || nodeName === 'img' ?
                            markup.join('') :
                            renderer.prepVML(markup);
                        wrapper.element = createElement(markup);
                    }

                    wrapper.renderer = renderer;
                },

                /**
                 * Add the node to the given parent
                 * @param {Object} parent
                 */
                add: function(parent) {
                    var wrapper = this,
                        renderer = wrapper.renderer,
                        element = wrapper.element,
                        box = renderer.box,
                        inverted = parent && parent.inverted,

                        // get the parent node
                        parentNode = parent ?
                        parent.element || parent :
                        box;

                    if (parent) {
                        this.parentGroup = parent;
                    }

                    // if the parent group is inverted, apply inversion on all children
                    if (inverted) { // only on groups
                        renderer.invertChild(element, parentNode);
                    }

                    // append it
                    parentNode.appendChild(element);

                    // align text after adding to be able to read offset
                    wrapper.added = true;
                    if (wrapper.alignOnAdd && !wrapper.deferUpdateTransform) {
                        wrapper.updateTransform();
                    }

                    // fire an event for internal hooks
                    if (wrapper.onAdd) {
                        wrapper.onAdd();
                    }

                    // IE8 Standards can't set the class name before the element is appended
                    if (this.className) {
                        this.attr('class', this.className);
                    }

                    return wrapper;
                },

                /**
                 * VML always uses htmlUpdateTransform
                 */
                updateTransform: SVGElement.prototype.htmlUpdateTransform,

                /**
                 * Set the rotation of a span with oldIE's filter
                 */
                setSpanRotation: function() {
                    // Adjust for alignment and rotation. Rotation of useHTML content is not yet implemented
                    // but it can probably be implemented for Firefox 3.5+ on user request. FF3.5+
                    // has support for CSS3 transform. The getBBox method also needs to be updated
                    // to compensate for the rotation, like it currently does for SVG.
                    // Test case: http://jsfiddle.net/highcharts/Ybt44/

                    var rotation = this.rotation,
                        costheta = Math.cos(rotation * deg2rad),
                        sintheta = Math.sin(rotation * deg2rad);

                    css(this.element, {
                        filter: rotation ? ['progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Matrix(M11=', costheta,
                            ', M12=', -sintheta, ', M21=', sintheta, ', M22=', costheta,
                            ', sizingMethod=\'auto expand\')'
                        ].join('') : 'none'
                    });
                },

                /**
                 * Get the positioning correction for the span after rotating.
                 */
                getSpanCorrection: function(width, baseline, alignCorrection, rotation, align) {

                    var costheta = rotation ? Math.cos(rotation * deg2rad) : 1,
                        sintheta = rotation ? Math.sin(rotation * deg2rad) : 0,
                        height = pick(this.elemHeight, this.element.offsetHeight),
                        quad,
                        nonLeft = align && align !== 'left';

                    // correct x and y
                    this.xCorr = costheta < 0 && -width;
                    this.yCorr = sintheta < 0 && -height;

                    // correct for baseline and corners spilling out after rotation
                    quad = costheta * sintheta < 0;
                    this.xCorr += sintheta * baseline * (quad ? 1 - alignCorrection : alignCorrection);
                    this.yCorr -= costheta * baseline * (rotation ? (quad ? alignCorrection : 1 - alignCorrection) : 1);
                    // correct for the length/height of the text
                    if (nonLeft) {
                        this.xCorr -= width * alignCorrection * (costheta < 0 ? -1 : 1);
                        if (rotation) {
                            this.yCorr -= height * alignCorrection * (sintheta < 0 ? -1 : 1);
                        }
                        css(this.element, {
                            textAlign: align
                        });
                    }
                },

                /**
                 * Converts a subset of an SVG path definition to its VML counterpart. Takes an array
                 * as the parameter and returns a string.
                 */
                pathToVML: function(value) {
                    // convert paths
                    var i = value.length,
                        path = [];

                    while (i--) {

                        // Multiply by 10 to allow subpixel precision.
                        // Substracting half a pixel seems to make the coordinates
                        // align with SVG, but this hasn't been tested thoroughly
                        if (isNumber(value[i])) {
                            path[i] = Math.round(value[i] * 10) - 5;
                        } else if (value[i] === 'Z') { // close the path
                            path[i] = 'x';
                        } else {
                            path[i] = value[i];

                            // When the start X and end X coordinates of an arc are too close,
                            // they are rounded to the same value above. In this case, substract or
                            // add 1 from the end X and Y positions. #186, #760, #1371, #1410.
                            if (value.isArc && (value[i] === 'wa' || value[i] === 'at')) {
                                // Start and end X
                                if (path[i + 5] === path[i + 7]) {
                                    path[i + 7] += value[i + 7] > value[i + 5] ? 1 : -1;
                                }
                                // Start and end Y
                                if (path[i + 6] === path[i + 8]) {
                                    path[i + 8] += value[i + 8] > value[i + 6] ? 1 : -1;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    return path.join(' ') || 'x';
                },

                /**
                 * Set the element's clipping to a predefined rectangle
                 *
                 * @param {String} id The id of the clip rectangle
                 */
                clip: function(clipRect) {
                    var wrapper = this,
                        clipMembers,
                        cssRet;

                    if (clipRect) {
                        clipMembers = clipRect.members;
                        erase(clipMembers, wrapper); // Ensure unique list of elements (#1258)
                        clipMembers.push(wrapper);
                        wrapper.destroyClip = function() {
                            erase(clipMembers, wrapper);
                        };
                        cssRet = clipRect.getCSS(wrapper);

                    } else {
                        if (wrapper.destroyClip) {
                            wrapper.destroyClip();
                        }
                        cssRet = {
                            clip: wrapper.docMode8 ? 'inherit' : 'rect(auto)'
                        }; // #1214
                    }

                    return wrapper.css(cssRet);

                },

                /**
                 * Set styles for the element
                 * @param {Object} styles
                 */
                css: SVGElement.prototype.htmlCss,

                /**
                 * Removes a child either by removeChild or move to garbageBin.
                 * Issue 490; in VML removeChild results in Orphaned nodes according to sIEve, discardElement does not.
                 */
                safeRemoveChild: function(element) {
                    // discardElement will detach the node from its parent before attaching it
                    // to the garbage bin. Therefore it is important that the node is attached and have parent.
                    if (element.parentNode) {
                        discardElement(element);
                    }
                },

                /**
                 * Extend element.destroy by removing it from the clip members array
                 */
                destroy: function() {
                    if (this.destroyClip) {
                        this.destroyClip();
                    }

                    return SVGElement.prototype.destroy.apply(this);
                },

                /**
                 * Add an event listener. VML override for normalizing event parameters.
                 * @param {String} eventType
                 * @param {Function} handler
                 */
                on: function(eventType, handler) {
                    // simplest possible event model for internal use
                    this.element['on' + eventType] = function() {
                        var evt = win.event;
                        evt.target = evt.srcElement;
                        handler(evt);
                    };
                    return this;
                },

                /**
                 * In stacked columns, cut off the shadows so that they don't overlap
                 */
                cutOffPath: function(path, length) {

                    var len;

                    path = path.split(/[ ,]/); // The extra comma tricks the trailing comma remover in "gulp scripts" task
                    len = path.length;

                    if (len === 9 || len === 11) {
                        path[len - 4] = path[len - 2] = pInt(path[len - 2]) - 10 * length;
                    }
                    return path.join(' ');
                },

                /**
                 * Apply a drop shadow by copying elements and giving them different strokes
                 * @param {Boolean|Object} shadowOptions
                 */
                shadow: function(shadowOptions, group, cutOff) {
                    var shadows = [],
                        i,
                        element = this.element,
                        renderer = this.renderer,
                        shadow,
                        elemStyle = element.style,
                        markup,
                        path = element.path,
                        strokeWidth,
                        modifiedPath,
                        shadowWidth,
                        shadowElementOpacity;

                    // some times empty paths are not strings
                    if (path && typeof path.value !== 'string') {
                        path = 'x';
                    }
                    modifiedPath = path;

                    if (shadowOptions) {
                        shadowWidth = pick(shadowOptions.width, 3);
                        shadowElementOpacity = (shadowOptions.opacity || 0.15) / shadowWidth;
                        for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {

                            strokeWidth = (shadowWidth * 2) + 1 - (2 * i);

                            // Cut off shadows for stacked column items
                            if (cutOff) {
                                modifiedPath = this.cutOffPath(path.value, strokeWidth + 0.5);
                            }

                            markup = ['<shape isShadow="true" strokeweight="', strokeWidth,
                                '" filled="false" path="', modifiedPath,
                                '" coordsize="10 10" style="', element.style.cssText, '" />'
                            ];

                            shadow = createElement(renderer.prepVML(markup),
                                null, {
                                    left: pInt(elemStyle.left) + pick(shadowOptions.offsetX, 1),
                                    top: pInt(elemStyle.top) + pick(shadowOptions.offsetY, 1)
                                }
                            );
                            if (cutOff) {
                                shadow.cutOff = strokeWidth + 1;
                            }

                            // apply the opacity
                            markup = [
                                '<stroke color="',
                                shadowOptions.color || '#000000',
                                '" opacity="', shadowElementOpacity * i, '"/>'
                            ];
                            createElement(renderer.prepVML(markup), null, null, shadow);


                            // insert it
                            if (group) {
                                group.element.appendChild(shadow);
                            } else {
                                element.parentNode.insertBefore(shadow, element);
                            }

                            // record it
                            shadows.push(shadow);

                        }

                        this.shadows = shadows;
                    }
                    return this;
                },
                updateShadows: noop, // Used in SVG only

                setAttr: function(key, value) {
                    if (this.docMode8) { // IE8 setAttribute bug
                        this.element[key] = value;
                    } else {
                        this.element.setAttribute(key, value);
                    }
                },
                classSetter: function(value) {
                    // IE8 Standards mode has problems retrieving the className unless set like this.
                    // IE8 Standards can't set the class name before the element is appended.
                    (this.added ? this.element : this).className = value;
                },
                dashstyleSetter: function(value, key, element) {
                    var strokeElem = element.getElementsByTagName('stroke')[0] ||
                        createElement(this.renderer.prepVML(['<stroke/>']), null, null, element);
                    strokeElem[key] = value || 'solid';
                    this[key] = value;
                    /* because changing stroke-width will change the dash length
				and cause an epileptic effect */
                },
                dSetter: function(value, key, element) {
                    var i,
                        shadows = this.shadows;
                    value = value || [];
                    this.d = value.join && value.join(' '); // used in getter for animation

                    element.path = value = this.pathToVML(value);

                    // update shadows
                    if (shadows) {
                        i = shadows.length;
                        while (i--) {
                            shadows[i].path = shadows[i].cutOff ? this.cutOffPath(value, shadows[i].cutOff) : value;
                        }
                    }
                    this.setAttr(key, value);
                },
                fillSetter: function(value, key, element) {
                    var nodeName = element.nodeName;
                    if (nodeName === 'SPAN') { // text color
                        element.style.color = value;
                    } else if (nodeName !== 'IMG') { // #1336
                        element.filled = value !== 'none';
                        this.setAttr('fillcolor', this.renderer.color(value, element, key, this));
                    }
                },
                'fill-opacitySetter': function(value, key, element) {
                    createElement(
                        this.renderer.prepVML(['<', key.split('-')[0], ' opacity="', value, '"/>']),
                        null,
                        null,
                        element
                    );
                },
                opacitySetter: noop, // Don't bother - animation is too slow and filters introduce artifacts
                rotationSetter: function(value, key, element) {
                    var style = element.style;
                    this[key] = style[key] = value; // style is for #1873

                    // Correction for the 1x1 size of the shape container. Used in gauge needles.
                    style.left = -Math.round(Math.sin(value * deg2rad) + 1) + 'px';
                    style.top = Math.round(Math.cos(value * deg2rad)) + 'px';
                },
                strokeSetter: function(value, key, element) {
                    this.setAttr('strokecolor', this.renderer.color(value, element, key, this));
                },
                'stroke-widthSetter': function(value, key, element) {
                    element.stroked = !!value; // VML "stroked" attribute
                    this[key] = value; // used in getter, issue #113
                    if (isNumber(value)) {
                        value += 'px';
                    }
                    this.setAttr('strokeweight', value);
                },
                titleSetter: function(value, key) {
                    this.setAttr(key, value);
                },
                visibilitySetter: function(value, key, element) {

                    // Handle inherited visibility
                    if (value === 'inherit') {
                        value = 'visible';
                    }

                    // Let the shadow follow the main element
                    if (this.shadows) {
                        each(this.shadows, function(shadow) {
                            shadow.style[key] = value;
                        });
                    }

                    // Instead of toggling the visibility CSS property, move the div out of the viewport.
                    // This works around #61 and #586
                    if (element.nodeName === 'DIV') {
                        value = value === 'hidden' ? '-999em' : 0;

                        // In order to redraw, IE7 needs the div to be visible when tucked away
                        // outside the viewport. So the visibility is actually opposite of
                        // the expected value. This applies to the tooltip only.
                        if (!this.docMode8) {
                            element.style[key] = value ? 'visible' : 'hidden';
                        }
                        key = 'top';
                    }
                    element.style[key] = value;
                },
                xSetter: function(value, key, element) {
                    this[key] = value; // used in getter

                    if (key === 'x') {
                        key = 'left';
                    } else if (key === 'y') {
                        key = 'top';
                    }
                    /* else {
                    				value = Math.max(0, value); // don't set width or height below zero (#311)
                    			}*/

                    // clipping rectangle special
                    if (this.updateClipping) {
                        this[key] = value; // the key is now 'left' or 'top' for 'x' and 'y'
                        this.updateClipping();
                    } else {
                        // normal
                        element.style[key] = value;
                    }
                },
                zIndexSetter: function(value, key, element) {
                    element.style[key] = value;
                }
            };
            VMLElement['stroke-opacitySetter'] = VMLElement['fill-opacitySetter'];
            H.VMLElement = VMLElement = extendClass(SVGElement, VMLElement);

            // Some shared setters
            VMLElement.prototype.ySetter =
                VMLElement.prototype.widthSetter =
                VMLElement.prototype.heightSetter =
                VMLElement.prototype.xSetter;


            /**
             * The VML renderer
             */
            VMLRendererExtension = { // inherit SVGRenderer

                Element: VMLElement,
                isIE8: win.navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE 8.0') > -1,


                /**
                 * Initialize the VMLRenderer
                 * @param {Object} container
                 * @param {Number} width
                 * @param {Number} height
                 */
                init: function(container, width, height) {
                    var renderer = this,
                        boxWrapper,
                        box,
                        css;

                    renderer.alignedObjects = [];

                    boxWrapper = renderer.createElement('div')
                        .css({
                            position: 'relative'
                        });
                    box = boxWrapper.element;
                    container.appendChild(boxWrapper.element);


                    // generate the containing box
                    renderer.isVML = true;
                    renderer.box = box;
                    renderer.boxWrapper = boxWrapper;
                    renderer.gradients = {};
                    renderer.cache = {}; // Cache for numerical bounding boxes
                    renderer.cacheKeys = [];
                    renderer.imgCount = 0;


                    renderer.setSize(width, height, false);

                    // The only way to make IE6 and IE7 print is to use a global namespace. However,
                    // with IE8 the only way to make the dynamic shapes visible in screen and print mode
                    // seems to be to add the xmlns attribute and the behaviour style inline.
                    if (!doc.namespaces.hcv) {

                        doc.namespaces.add('hcv', 'urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml');

                        // Setup default CSS (#2153, #2368, #2384)
                        css = 'hcv\\:fill, hcv\\:path, hcv\\:shape, hcv\\:stroke' +
                            '{ behavior:url(#default#VML); display: inline-block; } ';
                        try {
                            doc.createStyleSheet().cssText = css;
                        } catch (e) {
                            doc.styleSheets[0].cssText += css;
                        }

                    }
                },


                /**
                 * Detect whether the renderer is hidden. This happens when one of the parent elements
                 * has display: none
                 */
                isHidden: function() {
                    return !this.box.offsetWidth;
                },

                /**
                 * Define a clipping rectangle. In VML it is accomplished by storing the values
                 * for setting the CSS style to all associated members.
                 *
                 * @param {Number} x
                 * @param {Number} y
                 * @param {Number} width
                 * @param {Number} height
                 */
                clipRect: function(x, y, width, height) {

                    // create a dummy element
                    var clipRect = this.createElement(),
                        isObj = isObject(x);

                    // mimic a rectangle with its style object for automatic updating in attr
                    return extend(clipRect, {
                        members: [],
                        count: 0,
                        left: (isObj ? x.x : x) + 1,
                        top: (isObj ? x.y : y) + 1,
                        width: (isObj ? x.width : width) - 1,
                        height: (isObj ? x.height : height) - 1,
                        getCSS: function(wrapper) {
                            var element = wrapper.element,
                                nodeName = element.nodeName,
                                isShape = nodeName === 'shape',
                                inverted = wrapper.inverted,
                                rect = this,
                                top = rect.top - (isShape ? element.offsetTop : 0),
                                left = rect.left,
                                right = left + rect.width,
                                bottom = top + rect.height,
                                ret = {
                                    clip: 'rect(' +
                                        Math.round(inverted ? left : top) + 'px,' +
                                        Math.round(inverted ? bottom : right) + 'px,' +
                                        Math.round(inverted ? right : bottom) + 'px,' +
                                        Math.round(inverted ? top : left) + 'px)'
                                };

                            // issue 74 workaround
                            if (!inverted && wrapper.docMode8 && nodeName === 'DIV') {
                                extend(ret, {
                                    width: right + 'px',
                                    height: bottom + 'px'
                                });
                            }
                            return ret;
                        },

                        // used in attr and animation to update the clipping of all members
                        updateClipping: function() {
                            each(clipRect.members, function(member) {
                                // Member.element is falsy on deleted series, like in
                                // stock/members/series-remove demo. Should be removed
                                // from members, but this will do.
                                if (member.element) {
                                    member.css(clipRect.getCSS(member));
                                }
                            });
                        }
                    });

                },


                /**
                 * Take a color and return it if it's a string, make it a gradient if it's a
                 * gradient configuration object, and apply opacity.
                 *
                 * @param {Object} color The color or config object
                 */
                color: function(color, elem, prop, wrapper) {
                    var renderer = this,
                        colorObject,
                        regexRgba = /^rgba/,
                        markup,
                        fillType,
                        ret = 'none';

                    // Check for linear or radial gradient
                    if (color && color.linearGradient) {
                        fillType = 'gradient';
                    } else if (color && color.radialGradient) {
                        fillType = 'pattern';
                    }


                    if (fillType) {

                        var stopColor,
                            stopOpacity,
                            gradient = color.linearGradient || color.radialGradient,
                            x1,
                            y1,
                            x2,
                            y2,
                            opacity1,
                            opacity2,
                            color1,
                            color2,
                            fillAttr = '',
                            stops = color.stops,
                            firstStop,
                            lastStop,
                            colors = [],
                            addFillNode = function() {
                                // Add the fill subnode. When colors attribute is used, the meanings of opacity and o:opacity2
                                // are reversed.
                                markup = ['<fill colors="' + colors.join(',') +
                                    '" opacity="', opacity2, '" o:opacity2="',
                                    opacity1, '" type="', fillType, '" ', fillAttr,
                                    'focus="100%" method="any" />'
                                ];
                                createElement(renderer.prepVML(markup), null, null, elem);
                            };

                        // Extend from 0 to 1
                        firstStop = stops[0];
                        lastStop = stops[stops.length - 1];
                        if (firstStop[0] > 0) {
                            stops.unshift([
                                0,
                                firstStop[1]
                            ]);
                        }
                        if (lastStop[0] < 1) {
                            stops.push([
                                1,
                                lastStop[1]
                            ]);
                        }

                        // Compute the stops
                        each(stops, function(stop, i) {
                            if (regexRgba.test(stop[1])) {
                                colorObject = H.color(stop[1]);
                                stopColor = colorObject.get('rgb');
                                stopOpacity = colorObject.get('a');
                            } else {
                                stopColor = stop[1];
                                stopOpacity = 1;
                            }

                            // Build the color attribute
                            colors.push((stop[0] * 100) + '% ' + stopColor);

                            // Only start and end opacities are allowed, so we use the first and the last
                            if (!i) {
                                opacity1 = stopOpacity;
                                color2 = stopColor;
                            } else {
                                opacity2 = stopOpacity;
                                color1 = stopColor;
                            }
                        });

                        // Apply the gradient to fills only.
                        if (prop === 'fill') {

                            // Handle linear gradient angle
                            if (fillType === 'gradient') {
                                x1 = gradient.x1 || gradient[0] || 0;
                                y1 = gradient.y1 || gradient[1] || 0;
                                x2 = gradient.x2 || gradient[2] || 0;
                                y2 = gradient.y2 || gradient[3] || 0;
                                fillAttr = 'angle="' + (90 - Math.atan(
                                    (y2 - y1) / // y vector
                                    (x2 - x1) // x vector
                                ) * 180 / Math.PI) + '"';

                                addFillNode();

                                // Radial (circular) gradient
                            } else {

                                var r = gradient.r,
                                    sizex = r * 2,
                                    sizey = r * 2,
                                    cx = gradient.cx,
                                    cy = gradient.cy,
                                    radialReference = elem.radialReference,
                                    bBox,
                                    applyRadialGradient = function() {
                                        if (radialReference) {
                                            bBox = wrapper.getBBox();
                                            cx += (radialReference[0] - bBox.x) / bBox.width - 0.5;
                                            cy += (radialReference[1] - bBox.y) / bBox.height - 0.5;
                                            sizex *= radialReference[2] / bBox.width;
                                            sizey *= radialReference[2] / bBox.height;
                                        }
                                        fillAttr = 'src="' + H.getOptions().global.VMLRadialGradientURL + '" ' +
                                            'size="' + sizex + ',' + sizey + '" ' +
                                            'origin="0.5,0.5" ' +
                                            'position="' + cx + ',' + cy + '" ' +
                                            'color2="' + color2 + '" ';

                                        addFillNode();
                                    };

                                // Apply radial gradient
                                if (wrapper.added) {
                                    applyRadialGradient();
                                } else {
                                    // We need to know the bounding box to get the size and position right
                                    wrapper.onAdd = applyRadialGradient;
                                }

                                // The fill element's color attribute is broken in IE8 standards mode, so we
                                // need to set the parent shape's fillcolor attribute instead.
                                ret = color1;
                            }

                            // Gradients are not supported for VML stroke, return the first color. #722.
                        } else {
                            ret = stopColor;
                        }

                        // If the color is an rgba color, split it and add a fill node
                        // to hold the opacity component
                    } else if (regexRgba.test(color) && elem.TagName !== 'IMG') {

                        colorObject = H.color(color);

                        wrapper[prop + '-opacitySetter'](colorObject.get('a'), prop, elem);

                        ret = colorObject.get('rgb');


                    } else {
                        var propNodes = elem.getElementsByTagName(prop); // 'stroke' or 'fill' node
                        if (propNodes.length) {
                            propNodes[0].opacity = 1;
                            propNodes[0].type = 'solid';
                        }
                        ret = color;
                    }

                    return ret;
                },

                /**
                 * Take a VML string and prepare it for either IE8 or IE6/IE7.
                 * @param {Array} markup A string array of the VML markup to prepare
                 */
                prepVML: function(markup) {
                    var vmlStyle = 'display:inline-block;behavior:url(#default#VML);',
                        isIE8 = this.isIE8;

                    markup = markup.join('');

                    if (isIE8) { // add xmlns and style inline
                        markup = markup.replace('/>', ' xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" />');
                        if (markup.indexOf('style="') === -1) {
                            markup = markup.replace('/>', ' style="' + vmlStyle + '" />');
                        } else {
                            markup = markup.replace('style="', 'style="' + vmlStyle);
                        }

                    } else { // add namespace
                        markup = markup.replace('<', '<hcv:');
                    }

                    return markup;
                },

                /**
                 * Create rotated and aligned text
                 * @param {String} str
                 * @param {Number} x
                 * @param {Number} y
                 */
                text: SVGRenderer.prototype.html,

                /**
                 * Create and return a path element
                 * @param {Array} path
                 */
                path: function(path) {
                    var attr = {
                        // subpixel precision down to 0.1 (width and height = 1px)
                        coordsize: '10 10'
                    };
                    if (isArray(path)) {
                        attr.d = path;
                    } else if (isObject(path)) { // attributes
                        extend(attr, path);
                    }
                    // create the shape
                    return this.createElement('shape').attr(attr);
                },

                /**
                 * Create and return a circle element. In VML circles are implemented as
                 * shapes, which is faster than v:oval
                 * @param {Number} x
                 * @param {Number} y
                 * @param {Number} r
                 */
                circle: function(x, y, r) {
                    var circle = this.symbol('circle');
                    if (isObject(x)) {
                        r = x.r;
                        y = x.y;
                        x = x.x;
                    }
                    circle.isCircle = true; // Causes x and y to mean center (#1682)
                    circle.r = r;
                    return circle.attr({
                        x: x,
                        y: y
                    });
                },

                /**
                 * Create a group using an outer div and an inner v:group to allow rotating
                 * and flipping. A simple v:group would have problems with positioning
                 * child HTML elements and CSS clip.
                 *
                 * @param {String} name The name of the group
                 */
                g: function(name) {
                    var wrapper,
                        attribs;

                    // set the class name
                    if (name) {
                        attribs = {
                            'className': 'highcharts-' + name,
                            'class': 'highcharts-' + name
                        };
                    }

                    // the div to hold HTML and clipping
                    wrapper = this.createElement('div').attr(attribs);

                    return wrapper;
                },

                /**
                 * VML override to create a regular HTML image
                 * @param {String} src
                 * @param {Number} x
                 * @param {Number} y
                 * @param {Number} width
                 * @param {Number} height
                 */
                image: function(src, x, y, width, height) {
                    var obj = this.createElement('img')
                        .attr({
                            src: src
                        });

                    if (arguments.length > 1) {
                        obj.attr({
                            x: x,
                            y: y,
                            width: width,
                            height: height
                        });
                    }
                    return obj;
                },

                /**
                 * For rectangles, VML uses a shape for rect to overcome bugs and rotation problems
                 */
                createElement: function(nodeName) {
                    return nodeName === 'rect' ?
                        this.symbol(nodeName) :
                        SVGRenderer.prototype.createElement.call(this, nodeName);
                },

                /**
                 * In the VML renderer, each child of an inverted div (group) is inverted
                 * @param {Object} element
                 * @param {Object} parentNode
                 */
                invertChild: function(element, parentNode) {
                    var ren = this,
                        parentStyle = parentNode.style,
                        imgStyle = element.TagName === 'IMG' && element.style; // #1111

                    css(element, {
                        flip: 'x',
                        left: pInt(parentStyle.width) - (imgStyle ? pInt(imgStyle.top) : 1),
                        top: pInt(parentStyle.height) - (imgStyle ? pInt(imgStyle.left) : 1),
                        rotation: -90
                    });

                    // Recursively invert child elements, needed for nested composite
                    // shapes like box plots and error bars. #1680, #1806.
                    each(element.childNodes, function(child) {
                        ren.invertChild(child, element);
                    });
                },

                /**
                 * Symbol definitions that override the parent SVG renderer's symbols
                 *
                 */
                symbols: {
                    // VML specific arc function
                    arc: function(x, y, w, h, options) {
                        var start = options.start,
                            end = options.end,
                            radius = options.r || w || h,
                            innerRadius = options.innerR,
                            cosStart = Math.cos(start),
                            sinStart = Math.sin(start),
                            cosEnd = Math.cos(end),
                            sinEnd = Math.sin(end),
                            ret;

                        if (end - start === 0) { // no angle, don't show it.
                            return ['x'];
                        }

                        ret = [
                            'wa', // clockwise arc to
                            x - radius, // left
                            y - radius, // top
                            x + radius, // right
                            y + radius, // bottom
                            x + radius * cosStart, // start x
                            y + radius * sinStart, // start y
                            x + radius * cosEnd, // end x
                            y + radius * sinEnd // end y
                        ];

                        if (options.open && !innerRadius) {
                            ret.push(
                                'e',
                                'M',
                                x, // - innerRadius,
                                y // - innerRadius
                            );
                        }

                        ret.push(
                            'at', // anti clockwise arc to
                            x - innerRadius, // left
                            y - innerRadius, // top
                            x + innerRadius, // right
                            y + innerRadius, // bottom
                            x + innerRadius * cosEnd, // start x
                            y + innerRadius * sinEnd, // start y
                            x + innerRadius * cosStart, // end x
                            y + innerRadius * sinStart, // end y
                            'x', // finish path
                            'e' // close
                        );

                        ret.isArc = true;
                        return ret;

                    },
                    // Add circle symbol path. This performs significantly faster than v:oval.
                    circle: function(x, y, w, h, wrapper) {

                        if (wrapper && defined(wrapper.r)) {
                            w = h = 2 * wrapper.r;
                        }

                        // Center correction, #1682
                        if (wrapper && wrapper.isCircle) {
                            x -= w / 2;
                            y -= h / 2;
                        }

                        // Return the path
                        return [
                            'wa', // clockwisearcto
                            x, // left
                            y, // top
                            x + w, // right
                            y + h, // bottom
                            x + w, // start x
                            y + h / 2, // start y
                            x + w, // end x
                            y + h / 2, // end y
                            'e' // close
                        ];
                    },
                    /**
                     * Add rectangle symbol path which eases rotation and omits arcsize problems
                     * compared to the built-in VML roundrect shape. When borders are not rounded,
                     * use the simpler square path, else use the callout path without the arrow.
                     */
                    rect: function(x, y, w, h, options) {
                        return SVGRenderer.prototype.symbols[!defined(options) || !options.r ? 'square' : 'callout'].call(0, x, y, w, h, options);
                    }
                }
            };
            H.VMLRenderer = VMLRenderer = function() {
                this.init.apply(this, arguments);
            };
            VMLRenderer.prototype = merge(SVGRenderer.prototype, VMLRendererExtension);

            // general renderer
            H.Renderer = VMLRenderer;
        }

        // This method is used with exporting in old IE, when emulating SVG (see #2314)
        SVGRenderer.prototype.measureSpanWidth = function(text, styles) {
            var measuringSpan = doc.createElement('span'),
                offsetWidth,
                textNode = doc.createTextNode(text);

            measuringSpan.appendChild(textNode);
            css(measuringSpan, styles);
            this.box.appendChild(measuringSpan);
            offsetWidth = measuringSpan.offsetWidth;
            discardElement(measuringSpan); // #2463
            return offsetWidth;
        };



    }(Highcharts));
}));
